325 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
325 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: PHP代码统一规范规则细节
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date: 2023-06-09
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tags: PHP
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---
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# 规则Rule
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## PHPDoc
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1. 变量以及属性的辅助注解.方便IDE跳转和追踪
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```php
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<?php
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/** @var int $foo */
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$foo = 2 + 2;
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final class Foo
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{
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/**
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* @var int
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*/
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public $bar;
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/**
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* @type float
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*/
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public $baz;
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}
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```
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2. 变量以及属性多态类型优先级
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```php
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# 修正前：
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/**
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* @param null|string|int|\Foo $bar
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*/
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# 修正后：
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/**
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* @param \Foo|int|null|string $bar
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*/
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```
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3. 注释对齐（居中非依左或不对齐）
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```php
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/**
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# 修改前
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* @param EngineInterface $templating
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* @param string $format
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* @param int $code an HTTP response status code
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* @param bool $debug
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* @param mixed &$reference a parameter passed by reference
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# 修改后
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* @param EngineInterface $templating
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* @param string $format
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* @param int $code an HTTP response status code
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* @param bool $debug
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* @param mixed &$reference a parameter passed by reference
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```
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4. 未确定类型使用`mixed`声明,默认值带为null需要用`?`修饰符
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```php
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/**
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* @param string|null $foo
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* @param int $bar
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* @param mixed $baz
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*
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* @return void
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*/
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function foo(?string = null $foo, int $bar, $baz) {}
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```
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5. 数组key以及类属性对齐
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```php
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# 修改前
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class Foo
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{
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public $a = 0;
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public $b = 0;
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public $c = 0;
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public$d = 0;
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}
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# 修改后
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class Foo
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{
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public $a = 0;
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public $b = 0;
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public $c = 0;
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public $d = 0;
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}
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# 修改前
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$arr = [
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'a'=>'tom',
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'c' => 'sevne',
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'd'=> 'mazda',
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'b' =>'cross m78 unm',
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]
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# 修改后
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$arr = [
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'a' => 'tom',
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'c' => 'sevne',
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'd' => 'mazda',
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'b' => 'cross m78 unm',
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]
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```
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## 代码约束
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1. declare_strict 严格声明。主要解决程序在处理类型时候避免隐性转换
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```php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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//code ....
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```
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2. 使用常量`PHP_EOL`替代 `"\n"` 换行符号
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```php
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echo "some thing \n";
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echo "some thing PHP_EOL";
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```
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3. 声明函数必须使用`function_exists`包裹判断,避免函数重复声明
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```php
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if (!function_exists('dd')) {
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/**
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* dd 调试
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*
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* @param ...$vars
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*
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* @return void
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*/
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function dd(...$vars)
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{
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foreach ($vars as $v) {
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VarDumper::dump($v);
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}
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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```
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1. 函数或类的方法没有返回类型需要声明`void`类型
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```php
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function foo(string $a): void {}
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class Foo
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{
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public function handle(): void;
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{
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//code ...
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}
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}
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```
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5. 命名空间导入，导入或完全限定全局类/函数/常量
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```php
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<?php
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# 修改前
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$d = new \DateTimeImmutable();
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# 修改后
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$d = new DateTimeImmutable();
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```
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6. 使用`::class`替换完整类名使用,以及替代`get_class`函数
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```php
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# 修改前
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$className = 'Foo\Bar\Baz';
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# 修改后
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$className = Baz::class;
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```
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7. 多次调用转换成单次调用
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```php
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# 修改前
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$a = isset($a) && isset($b);
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# 修改后
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$a = isset($a, $b) ;
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# 修改前
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unset($a);
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unset($b);
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# 修改后
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unset($a, $b);
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```
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8. 使用语法糖简化调用
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```php
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# 修改前
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$boo = isset($foo) ? $foo : null;
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# 修改后
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$boo = $foo ?? null;
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//或
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$foo ??= null;
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# 修改前
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$boo = $foo ? $foo : '';
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# 修改后
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$boo = $foo ?:'';
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# 修改前
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list($a, $b) = $foos;
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# 修改后
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[$a, $b] = $foos;
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```
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9. 变量占位符由`${` 转换`{$)` php的高版本已经抛弃`${`用法
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```php
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$name = 'World';
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# 修改前
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echo "Hello ${name}!";
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# 修改后
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echo "Hello {$name}!";
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```
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10. PHP常量true、false和null须使用小写
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```php
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# 修改前
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$a = FALSE;
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$b = True;
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$c = NULL;
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# 修改后
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$a = false;
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$b = true;
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$c = null;
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```
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11. 使用动态属性或方法，属性需要实现`__get`和`__set`，方法需要`_call()`或`__callStatic`以及在class 头部声明,便于ide识别以及查阅
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```php
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/**
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* Class Foo
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*
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* @property string $attr
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* @method Foo handleA(string $arg)
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*/
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class Foo
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{
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public function __set($name, $value)
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{
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//code
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}
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public function __get($name)
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{
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//code
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}
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public function __call($method, $args)
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{
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//code
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}
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public static function __callStatic($method, $args)
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{
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//code
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}
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}
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```
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## 耦合优化
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1. 使用依赖对象处理多参数方法或函数,避免后面迭代出现超级函数
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```php
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# 修改前
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function foo(string $argv, int $argc, array $arg, \Closure $argz) :void
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{
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//code
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}
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# 修改后
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Class Boo
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{
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public string $argv;
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public string $argc;
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public string $argg;
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public function argz() : Closure
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{
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return function (){ };
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}
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}
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function foo(Boo $boo) :void
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{
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//code
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}
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```
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